The problem is caused due to CS6 - and it seems CC - saving the printer that it LAST USED stored somewhere within the PS FILE itself - then the PRINTER IS REMOVED (or driver updated (in or out is OUT of the control of the user). Thus it ALWAYS tries to use the last printer for the file - and of course the printer no longer exists - and the Adobe programmer who was in charge of that section then LOCKS THE PRINT DIALOG FROM EVER BEING USED till you fix it - and of course you CANNOT do that within PS 6 / CC at all since he LOCKED IT.
NOTE: Uninstalling, re-installing drivers will NOT WORK - since the info is EMBEDDED INTO THE PS FILE ITSELF - and THAT info is wrong so adding removing physical drivers / printers will fail to fix the problem. If you change try and change it to ANY other real printer as your default printer CS6 / CC does not recognize them and the problem remains - it still sees the non existant printer as the default.
The ONLY way I have found around this problem is in Windows to go into Add Remove Printers setup and CHANGE your default printer to Adobe PDF. Then go back into CS6 / CC and change it from PDF (which is now sees as the default printer) back to the printer you really want. THEN SAVE THE FILE.
Thus by choosing PDF as your default output device, then open CS6 / CC, you can select your new printer to use, only then does this problem go away - FOR THAT FILE.
CS6 / CC embeds the printer last used INTO each image. So you have to assign PDF as your default printer, change it to the new printer, and save the file to make the change permanent. This will occur for EVERY file that ever was printed to the no longer existing printer.
You would not see this issue if ALL your printers use the same universal driver - i.e: all HP printers or all Epson printers etc. But if you have different brands then this problem occurs.
You just have to remember this to solve the problem in the future.